The d'Azur region arrived in second place

The first action against the State were deposited. But administrative tribunals did not see happen to the crowds of underhoused. The task them was certainly not facilitated. At Paris, about 20 families supported by the association right to housing (DAL) even found by the police along the way. Agnès Coutanceau, a lawyer who defends many cases is still waiting for a first hearing date. Justice response to arrive, according to the law, in the two months following the filing of the appeal.

Since December 1, 2008, badly housed families filed a mediation boards installed in every department and no admissible application not having received in the six months housing supply despite the urgency of their situation can attack the State for a roof. They have to be part of the priority categories defined by Decree: people without housing, threatened with eviction, in temporary accommodation, installed in a substandard housing or indecent places for children.

Less than applications

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In one year, the commissions have seen arrive approximately 50,000 applications and have relocated 4.159 people. These figures are far less important that the floodgates of 600,000 households announced at the outset by the charities. "Fortunately, because we are not able to answer", recognizes Etienne Pinte, MP UMP the Yvelines and author of several reports on the subject. "We are here a bad trial, said Christophe Robert, Director of studies of the Fondation Abbé Pierre." Because, on the one hand, better 50,000, which is already enormous, as 600,000 families to be rehoused. This is the public potentially affected by the Act. On the other hand, the demands will increase. At the time of the establishment of the minimum income integration and universal health coverage, it takes some time for people are informed, find remedies and dare manifest themselves. It is intimidating to commit against the State. It cannot be said that communication about this new law was at the height. "The Ministry of housing had well edited a booklet in the fall of 2007, but it has long been obsolete. Nothing to do with the campaigns of press and publicity launched to promote, for example, the "House at 15 euros per day."

To address this information gap, several associations had chartered, between October 25 and December 5, Bus Dalo, siglé of the phrase "A roof is a right", stationed successively in nine major cities, to realize the real knowledge of this new text. Volunteers who provided hotlines recount their astonishment to a public well informed. "Among passers-by, on 10 may had heard of the Act and knew no more, remembers one of the animators of the bus for the Catholic relief." Many were convinced that this law addressed in priority to the homeless, or people already on the street hardly appeared. For them, the idea of housing is already too remote. Most surprising was the number of social workers, including employees of town halls, who came to see us to understand how should apply the Act. "Little communication or training, and this finding meeting other voices that the only evidence of associations. Mayors and deputies do also. Some authorities have even advised their employees refer to the "solution" Dalo, knowing that too overcrowding of their social Park. At the request of grants to ensure educational relay abandoned by the State, associations have been net refuse. Some have even set up hotlines.

Geographic inequality

On the 50,000 requests, 32,000 were made in the Ile-de-France. The d'Azur region arrived in second place. The commission of the Rhone is also often asked. "There is a fairly large geographic difference, note Pierre Quercy, Delegate General of the social Union for the habitat.". In Britain, for example, the requests that were not so many all could be processed. In some departments such as the North or the Loire-Atlantique, social landlords were hosting their offers to provide the prefect the accommodation available in the Park. "It notes several problems: first, the refusal of some mayors be assigned housing, even on the quota reserved for the prefect to these populations priority waiting lists are already very long at the wickets of the HLM. The second obstacle is the rehousing of families requiring social support, which not many people want. Third pitfall, the duty of rehousing sometimes faces the refusal of donors or mayors, on behalf of social diversity, focus at the same locations the most disadvantaged households. "In fact, the prefectoral quota supposed to welcome them is limited to 20 Park, and the best", said Christophe Robert.

In its report on evil-housing in France, which will be presented in early February, the Abbé Pierre Foundation devotes a chapter to this topic. Critics are numerous on the work of the commissions of mediation which some have interpreted the concepts of emergency and priority set by the Decree of the Act in their own way: a student hosted a friend would be considered as filed and his record. "It seems to us that in some departments the flows are judged in terms of stocks and that the number of accepted files depends on the vacant housing stock, yet this does not at all the spirit of the law, which must instead be leveraged to accelerate and increase the construction of social housing," continues Christophe Robert.

Inconsistencies in policies

Indeed, the relationship between the housing policy, which the appropriations were down 9 prior to the recovery plan, and the application of the Dalo, seems tenuous. In 2007, barely 53,000 social housing have been "placed in service", this figure including new construction and the acquisition with or without work of former dwellings by social landlords. The 2008 figures are comparable. Funding for 2009 forecasts include 78.000 housing and revitalization plan added 30,000, programmed for the next two years, but these apartments are completed and habitable and 2011 and 2012 at the earliest, if all these credits are consumed. "But there are not." End of 2008, he left money on the table, regrets Etienne Pinte. Before further claim, it must be that communities who have rights to draw on these budgets begin to use them. We are talking about will and political choice.

It is the objective of the annual construction of social housing 120,000 announced by the President of the Republic. In this context of serious shortage, the Dalo opens access to the right. This step is very important, of course, but it does not guarantee housing. Neither today nor tomorrow. Justice will probably deliver convictions against the State but, if the housing does not exist, the administration will have to pay a financial penalty, not to the complainants, but to a fund dedicated to the construction. Pocket to another, the State pays a fine in itself, an aberration for some lawyers.

The Act is proving difficult to apply. It was not his vote unanimously to the legislature in March 2007 under the pressure of the action of the children of Don Quixote and encampments of homeless facilities in many cities of France. "It's a little as if parliamentarians to were given good conscience in voting, while disregarding the suite," said the head of an association. "The next Housing Act, which threatens article 55 of the SRU law Editor's Note: forcing the Commons to hold 20 of housing in their Park, is not always in the right direction, added Michel Desnot, Mayor of Grenoble and President of the Association of mayors of the cities of France.". It seems to me that it would strengthen the application of this Act and no longer leave the choice to the mayors, was planned but never applied. "Has this track, complements the opening to the beneficiaries of the whole social Park Dalo and their access to approved private park, evictions, the requisition of empty housing... These measures are claimed by leaders of all political trends. Because they find, and many had guessed, that the promise of housing for all is impossible to hold.